Atendimento psicossocial nos serviços de proteção social especial do SUAS / Psychosocial care in the special social protection services of SUAS / Atención psicosocial en los servicios de protección social especial del Sistema Único de Asistencia Social (SUAS)

Documentos normativos determinam que serviços de Proteção Social Especial (PSE) do Sistema Único de Assistência Social (SUAS) devem oferecer atendimento psicossocial às(aos) usuárias(os). No entanto, não especificam que atendimento é esse, que tipo de atividades ele inclui, porque ele caracteriza principalmente serviços da PSE ou o que o diferencia das outras atividades desenvolvidas pelas equipes desses serviços. Diante disso, neste artigo, buscamos responder às seguintes questões: como profissionais que atuam nas equipes técnicas ou na gestão de serviços de proteção social especial do município de São Paulo compreendem a noção de "atendimento psicossocial"? E como essa noção é convertida em práticas concretas de intervenção? Para respondê-las, realizamos uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, bem como fizemos 10 entrevistas semiestruturadas com profissionais da PSE. As entrevistas e documentos analisados indicam a polissemia da expressão atendimento psicossocial. Ora ela refere-se a determinadas práticas ou ações que fazem parte do cotidiano dos serviços do SUAS; ora a um aspecto ou uma visão que norteia o trabalho. Indicam, ainda, que tal forma de atendimento é caracterizada, entre outras coisas, por sua interdisciplinaridade, pela importância que dá ao contexto e ao território e por não ser equivalente à clínica psicoterápica tradicional.(AU)

Regulatory documents determine that Special Social Protection (PSE) services of the Unified Social Assistance System (SUAS) must offer psychosocial support to its users. However, they do not specify which support, what type of activities it includes, why it mainly characterizes PSE services or what differentiates it from other activities developed by teams in these services. Given this, in this article, we seek to answer the following questions: how do professionals working in the technical teams or in the management of special social protection services in the municipality of São Paulo understand the notion of "psychosocial support"? And how is this notion converted into concrete intervention practices? To answer them, we conducted a bibliographic and documentary research, as well as 10 semi-structured interviews with professionals from PSE services. The interviews and documents analyzed indicate the polysemy of the expression psychosocial support. At times, it refers to certain practices or actions that are part of the daily routine of SUAS services; at other times, it refers to an aspect or vision that guides the work. They also indicate that this form of support is characterized, among other things, by its interdisciplinary nature, by the importance given to context and territory and by not being equivalent to the traditional psychotherapeutic clinic.(AU)

Los documentos normativos determinan que los servicios de Protección Social Especial (PSE) del Sistema Único de Asistencia Social (SUAS) deben ofrecer atención psicosocial a los usuarios. Sin embargo, no especifican en qué consiste esta atención, qué tipo de actividades incluye, por qué caracteriza principalmente a los servicios de PSE o qué lo diferencia de otras actividades desarrolladas por los equipos de estos servicios. Teniendo esto en cuenta, en este artículo buscamos responder a las siguientes preguntas: ¿Qué piensan sobre la noción de "atención psicosocial" los profesionales que trabajan en los equipos técnicos o en la gestión de los servicios de protección social especial en el municipio de São Paulo? ¿Y cómo convierten esta noción en prácticas concretas de intervención? Para responderlas, realizamos una investigación bibliográfica y documental, así como diez entrevistas semiestructuradas con profesionales de la PSE. Las entrevistas y los documentos analizados indican la polisemia de la expresión atención psicosocial. A veces, se refiere a ciertas prácticas o acciones que forman parte de la rutina diaria de los servicios del SUAS; otras veces, a un aspecto o visión que guía el trabajo. También esta forma de atención se caracteriza, entre otras cosas, por su interdisciplinariedad, por la importancia que se da al contexto y al territorio, y por no ser equivalente a la clínica psicoterapéutica tradicional.(AU)

Social Justice Activism as Interpretation in a Loewaldian World.

At a time when many questions are arising about the nexus between psychoanalysis and social justice, the writings of Hans Loewald open an avenue for broadened conceptualizations of psychoanalytic activity and the role of interpretation within it. The pursuit of social justice, it is argued, is integral to psychoanalytic ethics, and the relation between activists and society can be formulated in Loewaldian terms. Using Loewald, and considering case examples from social justice informed advocacy, direct action, and protest speech in AIDS activism, social justice activism can be understood as a spontaneously emergent psychoanalytic interpretation delivered by activists to their social surround, effectively accomplishing multiple forms of therapeutic action. The therapeutic action includes a working through in two phases of the negative social transference, a concept proposed here to elaborate a mechanism for the transformation, through the interpretive aspects of activism, of psychic material directed toward marginalized subjects and those expressing marginalized subjective positions. Resistance to social justice activism is examined using the forms of resistance identified by Freud.

Abordagem de narrativas como método de pesquisa em saúde pública: aproximações conceituais e contribuições da psicanálise / Narrative research in public health: conceptual approximations and contributions from psychoanalysis / Enfoque en narrativas como método de investigación en salud pública: aproximaciones conceptuales y aportaciones del psicoanálisis

Este artigo refere-se à parte de uma pesquisa de doutorado, realizada em hospital de alta complexidade do Sistema Único de Saúde, cujos participantes são os profissionais de saúde. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o potencial da abordagem das narrativas como método de pesquisa e intervenção nos serviços de saúde, traçando aproximações com a teoria psicanalítica. Sua relevância no campo da Saúde Pública está calcada no reconhecimento do papel do sujeito como agente de mudanças. O texto divide-se em duas partes: na primeira, explora as especificidades do trabalho na área da saúde, o paradigma da saúde pública no que concerne à gestão e possíveis contribuições da clínica ampliada para esse modelo. Na segunda parte, analisa o uso das narrativas como método de pesquisa nesse campo e as aproximações conceituais entre a narrativa em Walter Benjamin e a psicanálise em Freud. Busca na literatura referências sobre experiências análogas que fundamentem a proposta ora realizada e conclui pela importância de, no momento atual, apostar na força germinativa das narrativas como fonte criativa de novas formas de cuidar.(AU)

This article derives from a PhD research conducted with health professionals at a high-complexity public hospital from the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). It analyzes the potential of the narrative as a research and intervention method in health services, outlining approximations with psychoanalysis. In the field of Public Health, the narrative approach acknowledges the individual as an agent of change. The text is divided into two parts. The first presents an overview of the peculiarities involved in healthcare, the Public Health paradigm regarding service management and possible contributions from the expanded clinic to this model. The second analyzes the use of narratives as a research method in this field and the conceptual approximations between Benjamin's narrative and Freud's psychoanalysis. It searches the literature for references on similar experiences to support the present proposal and concludes by highlighting the importance of betting on the creative power of narratives as a source for new ways to care.(AU)

Este artículo es parte de una investigación doctoral, realizada con los profesionales de la salud de un hospital de alta complejidad del Sistema Único de Salud de Brasil. Su propósito es analizar el potencial del enfoque en narrativas como método de investigación e intervención en los servicios de salud, esbozando aproximaciones entre las narrativas y la teoría del psicoanálisis. Su relevancia en el campo de la salud pública se basa en el reconocimiento del rol del sujeto como agente de cambio. El texto se divide en dos partes: La primera investiga las especificidades del trabajo en el área de la salud, el paradigma de la salud pública en la gestión de los servicios y las posibles contribuciones de la clínica ampliada a este modelo. En la segunda parte, analiza el uso de narrativas como método de investigación en este campo y las aproximaciones conceptuales entre la narrativa de Walter Benjamin y el psicoanálisis de Freud. Este estudio busca en la literatura referencias sobre experiencias similares que apoyen la propuesta ahora realizada y concluye con la importancia de, en el momento actual, apostar por el poder de las narrativas como fuente creadora de nuevas formas de cuidar.(AU)

Os efeitos políticos e clínicos da governamentalidade neoliberal: um ensaio psicanalítico / Efectos políticos y clínicos de la gubernamentalidad neoliberal: un ensayo psicoanalítico / Clinical and political effects of neoliberal governmentality: a psychoanalytic essay

RESUMO. Motivados pela proposição metodológica foucaultiana de uma 'história do presente' e suas contribuições, este trabalho visa problematizar a emergência dos saberes pragmáticos e tecnológicos empresariais como ferramentas da governamentalidade neoliberal na construção do Homo Oeconomicus enquanto 'sujeito empresário de si', assim como debater seus efeitos para o sujeito e para as subjetividades contemporâneas. Através de uma revisão bibliográfica narrativa, partimos de uma possível interlocução da discussão foucaultiana com a constatação lacaniana do funcionamento do discurso do capitalista e seus efeitos clínicos e políticos, que vão desde a adoção de uma pragmática do apoliticismo até o limite da dessubjetivação do sujeito. Ressaltamos que o discurso neoliberal promoveu uma desterritorialização dos ideais transcendentes modernos e ofereceu como espaço de reterritorialização o mercado enquanto grande Outro (A), onde o real da luta de classes é apagado em nome de um ideal em que o sujeito reclama seu direito a um gozo ilimitado. Nesse cenário, apostamos numa posição subversiva e avessa para o sujeito frente às estratégias do discurso capitalista, posição esta que pode atuar como um modelo de resistência ao pior.

RESUMEN. Motivado por la propuesta metodológica foucaultiana de una 'historia del presente' y sus contribuciones, este trabajo tiene como objetivo problematizar el surgimiento del conocimiento empresarial pragmático y tecnológico como herramientas de gubernamentalidad neoliberal en la construcción del Homo Oeconomicus como un 'sujeto de autoemprendimiento', así como para debatir su efectos para el sujeto y para las subjetividades contemporáneas. Mediante revisión bibliográfica, partimos de una posible interlocución de la discusión foucaultiana con la observación lacaniana del funcionamiento del discurso del capitalista y sus efectos clínicos y políticos, que van desde la adopción de un apolitismo pragmático hasta el límite de la desubjetivación del sujeto. Hacemos hincapié en que el discurso neoliberal promovió una desterritorialización de los ideales modernos trascendentes y ofreció al mercado como un gran Outro (A) como un espacio para la reterritorialización, donde el real de la lucha de clases se borra en nombre de un ideal en el que el sujeto reclama su derecho a un disfrute ilimitado En este escenario, apostamos por una posición subversiva y opuesta para el sujeto en relación con las estrategias del discurso capitalista, una posición que puede actuar como modelo de resistencia a lo peor.

ABSTRACT. Moved by Foucault's methodological proposition of a 'history of the present' and its contributions, this work aims to problematize the emergence of the entrepreneurial pragmatic and technological knowledges as the neoliberal governmentality's tools in the construction of the Homo Oeconomicus as a 'subject entrepreneur of himself', as well as to debate its effects for the subject and the contemporary subjectivities. Through a bibliographic review, we start from a possible dialogue between the foucauldian discussion and the lacanian constatation of the operation of capitalism's discourse and its clinical and political effects, that range from the adoption of apoliticism's pragmatism to the limit of the subject's desubjectivation. We emphasize that the neoliberal discourse promoted a deterritorialization of the modern transcendent ideals and offered, as a space for reterritorialization, the market as the big Other (A), where the Real of the class conflict is erased in the name of an ideal in which the subject claims its right to an unlimited jouissance. In this scenario, we trust in a subversive and averse position for the subject in front of the capitalist discourse's strategies; such a position that can act as a model of resistance against the worse.

Profissionais Forcluídos e Recalcados das Práticas em Saúde Mental / Foreclosed and Repressed Professionals of Metal Health Practices / Profesionales Foracluidos y Reprimidos en las Prácticas de Salud Mental

Trabalhadores da saúde mental como porteiros, vigilantes e serventes gerais não figuram nas políticas do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil, sendo excluídos das orientações oficiais. Ao nível institucional uma exclusão também se opera, visto que tais profissionais não são considerados componentes das equipes. As investigações de Freud e Lacan apontam para mecanismos fundamentais e modos de subjetivação específicos advindos da relação do homem com a realidade. Nesse sentido, a hipótese deste artigo é que há uma forclusão desses trabalhadores pela política e um recalcamento pelos serviços. Ainda nessa esteira, o Estado e a instituição CAPS podem ser responsabilizados por uma dinâmica de vulnerabilização e exclusão desses profissionais. Para que haja uma reabilitação desses trabalhadores para uma categoria de operadores da saúde mental, é preciso reivindicar políticas que apontem para sua valorização e inclusão dentro dos serviços, como a ParticipaSUS e a Política Nacional de Humanização. Assim, para que essas políticas tenham incidência nesse público, é necessário que o tema seja suscitado nas instituições, sendo essa uma contribuição possível da psicanálise enquanto aliada da prática da supervisão institucional.

Mental health workers such as doormen, security guards and general servants are not included in the policies of the Ministry of Health of Brazil, being excluded from official guidelines. At the institutional level, an exclusion also operates, since they are not considered as components of the teams. Freud and Lacan's investigations point to fundamental mechanisms and specific modes of subjectification arising from man's relationship with reality. In this sense, the hypothesis of this article is that there is a forclusion of these workers by politics and a repression by services. In this same vein, the State and the CAPS can be held responsible for the dynamics of vulnerabilization and exclusion of these workers. For there to be a rehabilitation of these workers for a category of mental health operators, it is necessary to demand policies that point to their valorization and inclusion within the services, such as ParticipaSUS and the National Humanization Policy. For these policies to have an impact on this audience, it is necessary that the theme be raised within the institutions, which is a possible contribution of Psychoanalysis when combined with the practice of institutional supervision.

Los trabajadores de salud mental, como porteros, vigilantes de seguridad y equipos de limpieza, no están incluidos en las políticas del Ministerio de Salud de Brasil, quedando excluidos de las directrices oficiales. A nivel institucional, también funciona una exclusión, ya que no se consideran componentes de los equipos de salud. Las investigaciones de Freud y Lacan apuntan a mecanismos fundamentales y modos específicos de subjetivación que surgen de la relación del hombre con la realidad. En este sentido, la hipótesis de este artículo es que existe uma forclusión de estos trabajadores por la política y una represión por parte de los servicios. En esta misma línea, el Estado y los CAPS pueden ser considerados responsables por de esta dinámica de vulnerabilidad y exclusión. Para que haya una rehabilitación de estos trabajadores para una categoría de operadores de salud mental, es necesario exigir políticas que apunten a su valorización e inclusión dentro de los servicios, como ParticipaSUS y la Política Nacional de Humanización. Para que estas políticas tengan um impacto efectivo, es necesario que el tema se plantee al interior de las instituciones, lo cual es un posible aporte del Psicoanálisis cuando se combina con la práctica de la supervisión institucional.

Imaginário coletivo de idosos participantes da Rede de Proteção e Defesa da Pessoa Idosa / Collective imaginary of elderly people participating in the Protection and Defense Network of the Elderly Person

Resumo A concepção de Rede de Proteção e Defesa da Pessoa Idosa (RPDI) se destaca como espaço de luta coletiva pelo direito dos idosos, por meio de reuniões sistemáticas destes com profissionais de diferentes instituições e pela articulação para a implantação de políticas públicas. Este estudo, caracterizado como pesquisa qualitativa pautada no método psicanalítico, teve o objetivo de compreender o imaginário coletivo de idosos que participam de encontros organizados pela RPDI sobre o envelhecimento. Os participantes foram convidados para entrevista coletiva, na qual foi utilizado o procedimento de desenhos-estórias com tema como recurso facilitador da comunicação emocional. A análise dos desenhos e narrativas possibilitou reconhecer dois campos de sentido afetivo-emocional denominados "velhice como desamparo" e "velhice como responsabilidade pessoal". Os caminhos que levaram aos campos de sentido apontaram dinâmicas heterogêneas no imaginário coletivo sobre o envelhecimento, além de contradições inerentes ao ser idoso. Apesar do desamparo, da luta contínua e persistente, das fatalidades e da negação da velhice, está também presente a força que a experiência de vida lhes dá e a motivação que encontram na união com seus pares para enfrentar os desafios da vida e lutar por seus direitos.

Abstract The conception of the Protection and Defense Network of the Older Person (RPDI) stands out as a space of collective struggle for the right of the older people, through systematic meetings between them and professionals from different institutions and by articulation for the implantation of public policy. This study, characterized as qualitative research and based on the psychoanalytic method, aimed at understanding the collective imaginary of the older adults, who attend meetings on aging organized by the RPDI. The RPDI participants were invited to a collective interview, in which the Drawing-Story with Theme Procedure was used as a resource for facilitating emotional communication. The analysis of these drawings and narratives made it possible to recognize two affective-emotional meaning fields, named "Old age as helplessness" and "Old age as personal responsibility". The paths that led to the fields of meaning indicated heterogeneous dynamics in the collective imaginary about aging, and contradictions in aging have been identified. Despite the helplessness, continuous and persistent struggle, fatalities, and the denial of old age, there is also the strength that the experience of life gives them and the motivation they find in union with their pairs to face the challenges of life and fight for their rights.

Relationship between interpretation, alliance, and outcome in psychodynamic psychotherapy: control of therapist effects and assessment of moderator variable impact.

The current study examines the relationship between therapist interpretations in the early stages of psychodynamic psychotherapy and subsequent outcomes for 76 outpatients. Pre-treatment characteristics of global symptomatology, personality pathology, insight, and level of object relations were examined as possible significant patient characteristics. Independent clinicians reliably rated therapist use of interpretations over two early treatment sessions (third and ninth). Patient-rated alliance was also examined as a possible psychotherapy process predictor of change. Therapy outcomes were measured based on patients' changes in global symptomatology and estimates of improvement across a broad range of functioning at the end of treatment. An examination of the study independent variables revealed significant relationships between pre-treatment personality disorder symptomatology with patient object relations (OR), patient OR with pre-treatment insight, and pre-treatment insight with use of therapist interpretation. Pre-treatment symptomatology and early treatment interpretations predicted reliable change in global symptomatology. Patients' estimates of improvement across a broad band of functioning were most significantly impacted by quality of alliance. Analysis of these outcome relationships controlled for therapist effects. Statistical implications of therapist effects are discussed in regard to this area of research and future directions for investigation are explored.

The Creative Transformation of Trauma: Marcel Proust's in search of lost time.

Hidden childhood trauma beneath poignant memories is a central aspect of In Search of Lost Time. Marcel Proust's magnum opus may be psychoanalytically understood as an extraordinary literary transformation of severe trauma and associated unconscious confiicts. Proust's nearly fatal childhood asthma and concomitant medical mistreatment contributed to an intense ambivalent bond and bondage with his mother, replicated in the ambivalent relationships depicted in his novel. The retrieved and re-created past is relived in the novel's fantasy playground of time and space. Proust's intuitive grasp of signiflcant aspects of time, memory, trauma, and transference was consistent with psychoanalytic thought. In the vast novel, the narcissistic mortiflcation and losses of the protagonist are mourned, worked through, and partially redeemed. I interpret the famed joyous tasting of the madeleine in tea as an artfully disguised, temporally displaced, and affective reversal of life-threatening trauma. This article probes the role of Proust's intractable asthma in his breathless journey to ego mastery and timeless creativity.

Adam Smith and dependency.

The focus of this paper is the works and life of Adam Smith, who is widely recognized as the father and founder of contemporary economics. Latent content analysis is applied to his seminal text in economics, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776). The results reveal that Smith considers dependence on others a problem and sees the solution to this problem in impersonalized interdependence. In addition, his views on social dependency and personal dependency, reflected in his Lectures on Jurisprudence (1963) and The Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759), are analyzed. This analysis suggests a central tension between dependence and independence in Smith's writings. The personal dependency patterns he exhibited in his life, which also suggest a tension between dependence and independence, are identified through a reading of his biographies. Based on insights from psychoanalytic literature, this paper proposes that developing the ideas in the Wealth of Nations was part of Smith's creative solution to this tension. In particular, his solution to one individual's dependence on another was through a system of impersonalized interdependence. In other words, Smith defended against his personal dependence through his economic theorizing.

"Operation Pied Piper": a psychoanalytic narrative of authority in a time of war.

The evacuation of British children during World War II is read alongside the legend of the "Pied Piper" after which the mass migration was officially named. While virtually every British account of World War II makes mention of the evacuation, most are silent on the question of its ominous title: "Operation Pied Piper." This paper traces the legend's key theme - on influencing and being influenced - as it surfaces in the writing of one child analyst and one social worker charged with the responsibility of leading a family of five hostels for British youth. At a time when Hitler's deadly regime reached unprecedented heights across the Channel, the legend of the "Pied Piper" becomes a highly suggestive metaphor for thinking about D. W. Winnicott and Clare Britton's writing on what authority could mean in the face of leadership gone terribly wrong. Quite another, profoundly intimate loss of leadership haunts their words as well: Sigmund Freud, in exile from Hitler's Europe and leader of the psychoanalytic movement, died in London just weeks after the first wave of Blitz evacuations. It is in this context that Winnicott and Britton articulated a theory of authority that could address the losses of history without at the same time demanding the loss of the mind.

Que importância tem a dimensão econômica para a psicanálise contemporânea?: um estudo aprofundado sobre o objeto primário e a ambivalência das pulsões em Freud / How important is the economic dimension to contemporary psychoanalysis?: a detailed study on the primary object and the ambivalence of the instinct in Freud / Quelle est l'importance de la dimension économique pour la psychanalyse contemporaine?: une étude détaillée sur l'objet primaire et l'ambivalence des pulsions chez Freud / Qué importancia tiene la dimensión económica para el psicoanálisis contemporáneo?: un estudio detallado sobre el objeto primario y la ambivalencia de las pulsiones en Freud

No presente trabalho, através de um percurso pelos textos freudianos, iremos acompanhar os engendramentos entre sujeito e objeto que se dão pelos caminhos pulsionais, dentro de uma perspectiva econômica. Ora, o que nos interessa aqui é colocar em questão o que nos parece ser um certo enfraquecimento ou "desvitalização" da teoria, em que tanto a sexualidade como os elementos mais "crus" do psiquismo vão sendo deixados de lado em nome de uma pretensa ênfase dos aspectos relacionais. Interessa-nos, especificamente, pensar que papel pode ter a dimensão econômica (tal como formulada por Freud) nos debates psicanalíticos contemporâneos em que a ética é trazida para o primeiro plano. Parece-nos que a dimensão econômica ou pulsional em psicanálise, longe de ser avessa ao lugar do outro na constituição do psiquismo, pode trazer esclarecimentos únicos a esse respeito, evidenciando a sustentação mútua entre Eu e Outro num campo compartilhado de instalação de subjetividades.

Through the examination of Freudian texts, this paper focuses on the interplay between subject and object in relation to the instinct drives, from an economic perspective. The paper raises questions about what seems to be a weakening or "devitalization" of the theory. We believe that both sexuality and the "raw" aspects of the psyche are being left out by some trends within contemporary psychoanalysis, in the name of an alleged emphasis on the relational aspects. We are specifically interested in the role the economic dimension (as formulated by Freud) may have in contemporary psychoanalytic debates, in which ethics is brought to the foreground. Far from being averse to the other in the constitution of the psyche, it is our understanding that the economic dimension can shed light on the subject. It highlights the mutual support between the Ego and the other, in the shared field where processes of subjectivation occur.

Dans cet article, dans un parcours à travers des textes freudiens, nous allons suivre de près, et avec une certaine prudence, les croisements entre sujet et objet qui arrivent dans les chemins de la pulsion, à partir d'une perspective économique. Ce qui nous intéresse ici c'est de mettre en question ce qui semble être un certain affaiblissement ou une ® dévitalisation ¼ de la théorie, dans lequel à la fois la sexualité et les éléments les plus ® brutes ¼ de la psyché sont abandonnés au nom d'un accent présumé sur les aspects relationnels. Il semble que la dimension économique ou de la pulsion dans la psychanalyse, loin d'oublier la place de l'autre dans la constitution de la psyché, peut éclaircir ce sujet, mettant en évidence les conflits, des désaccords, des différences, et aussi de l'appui mutuel entre les croisements du Je et de l'Autre sur le terrain partagé de placement des subjectivités.

En este trabajo, a través de un recorrido por los textos freudianos, vamos a seguir de cerca y con un cierto cuidado los engendramientos entre sujeto y objeto que se producen por los caminos pulsionales, dentro de una perspectiva económica. Así que lo que nos interesa aquí es poner en cuestión lo que nos parece un cierto debilitamiento, o una "desvitalización" de la teoría, en que tanto la sexualidad como los elementos "crudos" de la psique se están quedando en el olvido en nombre de una supuesta énfasis de los aspectos relacionales. Nos parece que la dimensión económica o pulsional en el psicoanálisis, lejos de ser contrario al lugar del otro en la constitución de la psique, puede traer esclarecimientos únicos a ese respecto, destacando los conflictos, disonancias, disparidades y también el apoyo mutuo y engendramientos entre el Yo y el Otro, en un campo compartido de instalación de subjetividades.

Postcolonial Freud: psychoanalysis in the French Antilles.

While Martinique and Guadeloupe were assimilated into the French state in 1946, traces of colonial power relations and economic structures persist despite the islands' current status as French 'départements' equal to any other. This article examines the contributions of Freud's thought to the shift in critical perspective that has allowed the continued "colonial" status of these islands, and the cultural alienation of its people, to be identified as a problem or phenomenon requiring analysis and rectification. Speaking of "postcolonial Freud" in this context is tantamount to asking: which postcolony for the French Antillean future, and which Freud for the thought emerging from this space?

[Use of Q-sort assessment methods for diagnostic purposes and in treatment evaluation?]. / Q-sort-Methoden in Diagnostik und Therapieverlaufsbeobachtung.

OBJECTIVES: Does quantifying psychotherapy research do justice to its subject matter? METHODS: Q-sort techniques are presented for the assessment of personality pathology, mental and interpersonal problems, as well as for quantifying the psychotherapeutic process. RESULTS: In studies on psychotherapy planning we identified mechanisms characteristic of nonresponders which could be efficiently captured with q-sort methods. From these clinically relevant intervention techniques can be derived. In psychoanalytic process research we operationalized relevant microelements in the patient-therapist interaction. CONCLUSIONS: Q-sort methods are efficient and helpful for studying research questions that are clinically relevant but often difficult to grasp as well as for dismantling studies.

Psychodynamic aspects of psychopharmacology.

This paper presents a framework for understanding the psychodynamic issues pertaining to psychopharmacology. It examines the treatment situation from three perspectives: the self-in-relation-to-others, the patient-prescriber relationship, and cultural attitudes. It discusses psychodynamic factors involved in clinical improvement and deterioration. The relevance of these issues is discussed and contrasted with the biomedical model of mental illness. It concludes by advocating the mindfulness of psychodynamic factors and the maintenance of dialectics in clinical practice.

Benign and disruptive disturbances of the supervisory field.

Inspired by Baranger, Baranger and Mom's notion of psychoanalytic bastion, we describe an unconscious collusion between analytic supervisors and supervisees. This collusion's purpose is to avoid the anxiety inherent in the psychoanalytic field and that enters unprocessed into the supervisory field. The supervisor/supervisee dyad's emotional experience can be fleeting, with moderate intensity, but can slow down the process. This can happen sometimes in any supervisory situation. Or it can become permanent and with greater intensity and bring the entire process to a standstill and to a disruption of the supervisory field. We call the first situation a 'benign disturbance of the supervisory field', the second a 'disruptive disturbance of the supervisory field'. We illustrate both disturbances using supervisory material. Our purpose is to show how to detect these disturbances, understand them, and manage them.

Payment as perverse defense.

A case is discussed in which the patient's management of aspects of the payment process is seen as a focal point in a perverse defensive structure operating in the treatment. Detailed process material is examined with attention to transference and countertransference components of this defensive process. Recent literature on perverse thought and defense is reviewed in order to understand this case in the context of current thinking, to generate new ideas about the nature of perverse defenses, and to consider the potentially special role that money may play in the operation of such defenses in psychoanalysis.

The company man: a case of white-collar crime.

Insider trading scandals on Wall Street have focused public attention on the abuse of money and power in the service of greed. The analytic situation described in this paper involves a patient who was involved in a major white-collar crime in the 1990s and imprisoned on charges of fraud. Release from prison brought his anxieties about money, work, and masculinity into sharp focus. The paper explores the some of the emotional conflicts and confusion around corporate success and failure, and the particular issues that arise when people identify themselves with the company they work for, something that corporate culture has always encouraged.

Succeeding at succession: the myth of Orestes.

Although the myth of Oedipus seems an inevitable template for understanding succession in psychoanalysis, the myth of Orestes offers a more complex and promising view of the intergenerational transfer of leadership and authority, one that takes into account the entire community, not merely the individual leader. A closer look at the Aeschylus drama suggests three dimensions that need to be taken into account in managing succession: what are the mechanisms enabling the community to participate, what is the role of the unconscious irrational forces inevitably aroused in the process, and what are the wider social and economic issues that need to be addressed? This paper looks at the myth elaborated in the Greek drama, and then applies it to some of the current problems facing contemporary psychoanalytic institutions.